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< Back Dynamic View of Trading Hours: SIX Swiss Exchange V1 Dynamic View of the opening and closing hours of the SIX Swiss Stock exchange for 2024. Additionally, current summary of the market's activity is stated. Segmented Trading Hours of the SIX Swiss Exchange , as of 4th December 2023, as well as market holidays for 2024 have been incorporated in the basic web application below to display the current state of the SIX. Github: https://github.com/akweix/SIX_trading_hours Market Holidays Date Holiday Mon 01.01.2024 New Year's Day Tue 02.01.2024 Berchtholdstag Fri 29.03.2024 Good Friday Mon 01.04.2024 Easter Monday Wed 01.05.2024 Labour Day Thu 09.05.2024 Ascension Day Mon 20.05.2024 Whitmonday Thu 01.08.2024 National Day Tue 24.12.2024 Christmas Eve Wed 25.12.2024 Christmas Thu 26.12.2024 St. Stephen's Day Tue 31.12.2024 New Year's Eve The trading hours and segments of the SIX Swiss Exchange, as of 4th December 2023, are as follows: Start of Business Day : 06:00 CET Start of Clearing Day : 08:00 CET Opening of Various Segments : 08:30 CET: Bonds (CHF Swiss Confederation, CHF Swiss Pfandbriefe, Non-CHF) 09:00 CET: Blue Chip Shares, Mid-/Small-Cap Shares, Secondary Listing Shares, Sponsored Foreign Shares, Separate Trading Lines, Investment Funds, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), ETFs on Bonds of the Swiss Confederation, Exchange Traded Products (ETPs) 09:00 CET: Start of Trading for SwissAtMid, Swiss EBBO, Quote on Demand, ETF/ETP QOD Europe 09:15 CET: Sponsored Funds, Structured Products, Rights and Options 09:30 CET: Bonds (CHF) 15:00 CET: Sparks Shares, Global Depository Receipts End of Trading for Various Segments : 17:00 CET: Bonds (CHF Swiss Confederation, CHF Swiss Pfandbriefe, Non-CHF), ETFs on Bonds of the Swiss Confederation 17:15 CET: Structured Products, Rights and Options 17:20 CET: SwissAtMid, Swiss EBBO 17:30 CET: Quote on Demand, ETF/ETP QOD Europe Closing Auctions : 17:20 CET: Start for Blue Chip Shares, Mid-/Small-Cap Shares, Sparks Shares, Global Depository Receipts, Secondary Listing Shares, Sponsored Foreign Shares, Separate Trading Lines, Investment Funds 17:30 CET: Start for Sponsored Funds, ETFs, ETPs 17:30 CET: Run Auction and Close for Blue Chip Shares, Mid-/Small-Cap Shares, Sparks Shares, Global Depository Receipts, Secondary Listing Shares, Sponsored Foreign Shares, Separate Trading Lines, Investment Funds 17:35 CET: Run Auction and Close for Sponsored Funds, ETFs, ETPs Trading -At-Last : 17:30 CET: Start for Blue Chip Shares, Mid-/Small-Cap Shares, Sparks Shares, Global Depository Receipts, Investment Funds 17:40 CET: End for Blue Chip Shares, Mid-/Small-Cap Shares, Sparks Shares, Global Depository Receipts, Investment Funds End of Clearing Day : 18:15 CET End of Business Day : 22:00 CET Future Works: Identifying Market trends across market segments Identifying Market trends across trading days (seasonality) Previous Next

< Back How Much Time Do I have left? Visualizing and Quantifying our most valuable asset: "Time" Previous Next

< Back Commentary: Washington’s Decision to “Normalize” Relations with Cuba..." An economic commentary on the article "Washington’s Decision to “Normalize” Relations with Cuba: Impede China’s Growing Influence in Latin America" Date the commentary was written: 21/ 09 /2016 Read the original article on Global Research : " Washington’s Decision to “Normalize” Relations with Cuba: Impede China’s Growing Influence in Latin America?" by Birsen Filip - 28.08.2016 The article under consideration is about the possible lifting of the Cuban embargo imposed by the American Government in 1936. The idea of removing this historic embargo has been introduced recently and is in the process of becoming a reality due to Barrack Obama. Barrack Obama, the present president of the United States according to the article, shocked the world by officially reestablishing diplomatic relations with Cuba and furthermore slowly lifting the historical embargo. However, this article explores the embargo lifting as a means of the USA to impede China’s International Market power growth in Latin America in light of the recent trade deal between China and Cuba. In this commentary, I shall be exploring the probable effects of lifting the embargo, with respect to the International Market and the Cuban economy. According to the article, it can be deduced that the USA is trying to prevent China from becoming a “monopoly” in the International Market. An embargo is a government order that restricts commerce or exchange with a specified country or the exchange of specific goods. An embargo is usually created as a result of unfavorable political or economic circumstances between nations. The restriction looks to isolate the country and create difficulties for its governing body, forcing it to act on the underlying issue. [1] In the case of the US embargo on Cuba, it is due to the relation Cuba was having with Communist powers. The Cuban embargo majorly affected the tourism in Cuba, sugar production, many other agricultural sectors and cigar firms. Figure 1: Current agricultural production in the Cuban economy As illustrated on the graph above, as the embargo technically prohibits Cuba from trading internationally (as the USA “penalizes” other countries that trade with Cuba) their agricultural goods although having an advantage of the lower price in comparison to the world price, Cuba cannot exploit that advantage. However, if the embargo is to be lifted Cuba would benefit greatly as they can produce many agricultural goods at a lower price than most countries and furthermore specialize in agricultural goods to even greatly increase their production. This would lead to an increase in jobs, increase in GDP and incomes in Cuba. Due to the embargo many goods and services have to be produced domestically as Cuba cannot benefit from international trade. Due to the production of a vast array of goods and services domestically Cuba cannot efficiently produce all goods and services, and the quality is quite low. For instance, it is not efficient for Cuba to produce heavy duty farming machines, whereas China having a comparative advantage in heavy duty machines can effectively produce them. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a product when it has the lowest opportunity cost for producing the product. Figure 2: Electronics and technological devices Market in Cuba currently As illustrated in the diagram above, currently Cuba’s technological industry and many other industries are producing at a higher price than the World Price. This mainly due to lack of specialization. The people of Cuba are subjected to some high priced goods and services which are very low in quality. However, if the embargo is to be lifted Cubans would have access to the lower priced, higher quality goods and services from the international market. Due to the large diversification in goods and services produced domestically, the Cuban economy has not specialized in particular products, hence does not hold any significant comparative advantage in any good or service production when compared to most countries. As Cuba would be able to trade much easier in the international market, hence would have access to cheaper raw resources from Africa and Americas, cheaper labor from Asia and greater capital from Europe and North America. Figure 3: Effect of lifting the Embargo in the Cuban Economy As shown on the diagram above, the lifting of the embargo would be highly beneficial for the Cuban economy. Aggregate demand and supply would increase. The total output of the economy increases from Y1 to Y2. The average price level of goods and services increases, but this increase is actually quite beneficial for Cuba as incomes would increase and producers make larger profits. The lack of specialization due to the embargo hinders the growth of the Cuban economy. However with the lifting of the embargo, this would increase economic activity and boost economic growth in Cuba. [1] http://www.investopedia.com/ Previous Next

< Back Commentary: Brexit could lead to recession, says Bank of England An economic commentary on the article "Brexit could lead to recession, says Bank of England" Date the commentary was written: 24/ 05 /2016 Read the original article on the guardian: Brexit could lead to recession, says Bank of England by Katie Allen - 12/05/2016 The article under consideration is about multiple predicted implications that would occur if Britain decides to the leave the EU (Brexit) according to the Bank of England. The main macroeconomic aspects of this article which would be featured in this commentary are the claims of recession, inflation, unemployment and economic growth. The idea of Britain leaving the EU (European Union) has brought about the question of its economic justification. Economically, there is a lot of ambiguity, however this article claims that a Brexit would not be economically justified for Britain. The greatest argument made in this article is that of recession. Recession is the significant decline of economic activity in an economy lasting longer than two successive quarters. The recession in turn would be caused by a combination of inflation and unemployment. Inflation simply refers to the persistent increase in the average price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time (12 months). Unemployment refers to people of working age, able, willingly and actively looking for a job but do not have one. According to the Bank of England in this article, all of this would occur if Britain leaves the EU. Hence all of the macroeconomic objectives of England would not be met (including a current account surplus, as it would be more expensive for Britain to trade with EU counties and the US). Also, since there is an increase in unemployment and inflation, stagflation would also be occurring. Unemployment is said to increase. This is mainly due to an increase in the cost of production of firms. Without the EU, many sectors in the British economy would not have subsidies and would have to pay more taxes. The price of most raw materials would increase, transportation cost would also increase and trade between the EU and Britain would be highly disadvantageous to Britain as the EU would impose high tariffs. The labor market diagram below shows the effects. Figure 1 As illustrated on the diagram. Due to the higher cost of productions, firms in Britain would be forced to ‘let go’ their labor force. Hence there is a decrease in the aggregate demand for labor. This causes natural unemployment. The aggregate demand of labor shifts to the left, due to the decrease in demand for labor. British goods would become expensive and would lose international competitiveness. Hence, sales would be lower, the pound would lose its value and Britain would gradually have a large deficit on their balance of payments. GDP would decrease, hence economic activity also decreases and furthermore a decrease in economic growth. Inflation is also claimed to increase above the target rate of 2%. This inflation would most probably be a cost push inflation. This type of inflation refers to the increase in cost of production in many firms, hence the average price level of goods and services generally increases. The effect is illustrated on the diagram below; Figure 2 As shown on the diagram, an increase in cost of production causes the short run aggregate supply curve to shift to the left, further on increasing the inflation and decreasing the real GDP. This creates excesses demand and simply increases the value of inflation. So it may appear that the Brexit is a recipe for a recession. So is this fate inevitable? No, there is a simple solution for Britain to have a strong economy without these problems if they are to leave the EU. The British Government can start large scale infrastructure developments in Britain, in order to prevent the unemployment caused by the Brexit. The British government may also have to impose high tariffs on goods and services offered by the EU only, hence not only does this generate money for Britain but it also allows domestic firms to thrive which would increase employment, GDP, economic growth and would strengthen the pound. The psychological effect of Brexit may also aid in higher productivity of workers and higher consumption of locally made goods and services instead of imported commodities. The balance of payments would also improve to a more favorable figure (surplus or surplus leaning). The Bank of England can also increase key interest rates, to “increase” the value of the pound. Inflation can also be less severe if the Bank of England increases the interest rates and subsidizes important goods and services in the country. An increase in the interest rates would increase the general public’s marginal propensity to save, hence aggregate demand would decrease and relative to the very slow cost push inflation, the inflation would be barely “felt” by the economy. The British government must also loosen its controls in the banking industry as this would then allow Banks in EU to easily invest or even relocate to Britain because of lower constrains from a governing body. Previous Next

< Back How much time do I have left? - Version 2 Visualizing and Quantifying our most valuable asset: "Time"; Version 2 Previous Next

< Back Google News Scrapper Scrape Google News articles for a particulair keyword and date range You can use the google_news_scraper function by providing the keyword and date range as inputs. For example, google_news_scraper("oil prices", "2023-08-25", "2023-08-31") will fetch articles with the keyword "oil prices" published between August 25 and 31, 2023, and save it as a CSV file. # Install necessary packages !pip install selenium !apt-get update !apt install chromium-chromedriver import sys import pandas as pd from datetime import datetime, timedelta import re from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import time def convert_relative_date(text, current_datetime): current_year = current_datetime.year if 'hour' in text or 'hours' in text: return current_datetime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') elif 'day' in text or 'days' in text: match = re.search(r'\d+', text) days_ago = int(match.group()) if match else 0 return (current_datetime - timedelta(days=days_ago)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d') elif 'minute' in text or 'minutes' in text: return current_datetime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') elif 'yesterday' in text.lower(): return (current_datetime - timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d') else: try: parsed_date = datetime.strptime(text, '%b %d') return datetime(current_year, parsed_date.month, parsed_date.day).strftime('%Y-%m-%d') except ValueError: return text # Return the original text if parsing fails def google_news_scraper(keyword, start_date, end_date): # Convert start_date and end_date to datetime objects start_date = datetime.strptime(start_date, '%Y-%m-%d') end_date = datetime.strptime(end_date, '%Y-%m-%d') # Set up Chrome options for Selenium chrome_options = Options() chrome_options.add_argument('--headless') chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage') sys.path.insert(0,'/usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromedriver') # Initialize the Chrome WebDriver with the specified options driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options) # Fetch the Web Page query = '+'.join(keyword.split()) url = f'https://news.google.com/search?q={query}' driver.get(url) # Scroll the page to load more articles for _ in range(5): # Adjust the range for more or fewer scrolls driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, 'body').send_keys(Keys.END) time.sleep(2) # Wait for page to load # Get the page source and close the browser html = driver.page_source driver.quit() # Parse the Web Page using BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser') articles = soup.find_all('article') # Extract the Necessary Information news_data = [] base_url = 'https://news.google.com' for article in articles: title_link_element = article.find('a', class_='JtKRv', href=True) title = title_link_element.text.strip() if title_link_element else "No Title" link = base_url + title_link_element['href'][1:] if title_link_element else "No Link" time_element = article.find('time') date = time_element.text.strip() if time_element else "No Date" news_data.append([title, link, date]) # Store the Data in a DataFrame df = pd.DataFrame(news_data, columns=['Title', 'Link', 'Date']) # Convert dates to a standardized format current_datetime = datetime.now() for i, row in df.iterrows(): if row['Date']: df.at[i, 'Date'] = convert_relative_date(row['Date'], current_datetime) # Filter the DataFrame by the provided date range def is_valid_date(date_str): try: return start_date <= datetime.strptime(date_str, '%Y-%m-%d') <= end_date except (TypeError, ValueError): return False filtered_df = df[df['Date'].apply(is_valid_date)] # Save the filtered DataFrame to CSV csv_file = f'google_news_filtered_{query}.csv' filtered_df.to_csv(csv_file, index=False) print(f"Filtered articles saved to {csv_file}") # Check if running in an environment that supports file download try: from google.colab import files files.download(csv_file) except ImportError: print(f"Download not supported in this environment. Please manually retrieve the file: {csv_file}") # Prompt user for input keyword = input("Enter the search keyword: ") start_date = input("Enter the start date (YYYY-MM-DD): ") end_date = input("Enter the end date (YYYY-MM-DD): ") # Call the function with user input google_news_scraper(keyword, start_date, end_date) Project Github repository: https://github.com/seanxjohn/google_news_scrapper/tree/main Previous Next

< Back Expected Loss Calculator A simple tool to calculate the Expected Loss for a credit portfolio. Previous Next

< Back Cocoa Production: Ghana and Ivory Coast - 2022 Summary of Cocoa Production in Ghana and Ivory Coast in 2022. Previous Next